A chapter of a book related to my subject.

'The history of Jewellery Design'

Origin
The origin of Jewellery Design has been retraced to the most remote civilizations, about 3000BC. The richest garments and ornaments of burying the dead people, and the pictorial iconography —painting, sculpture, and mosaic offer sufficient evidences that jewellery were worn in various eras.

That prehistoric people who decorating their bodies before they thought to make something that could suggest clothing. Before precious metals were discovered, people who lived along the seashore decorated themselves with a great variety of shells, fish bones, fish teeth, and colored pebbles. On the other side, people who lived inland used the different materials from the animals when it had killed for food, such as reindeer antlers, mammoth tusks, and all kinds of animal bones. After, they had been improved more elaborate, and these materials were combined together with animal skins and bird feathers, provided various decorations.

This era of people transform their living from nomadic to a settled social order, and then birth of the most ancient civilizations. Most people lived along the banks of large rivers, and developed agriculture and animal husbandry. Indirectly, it led to the alluvial soil deposited minerals, first among which were gold and precious stones.

Over the years, the original jewellery forms of prehistoric times were multiplied for every part of the body. For the head there were crowns, hairpins, earrings, nose rings, lip rings, and earplugs; for the neck and torso there were necklaces, fibulae, brooches, belts, and watch fobs; also ankle bracelets, toe rings, and shoe buckles for the thighs, legs, and feet.

I believe that keeping beauty is a natural instinct of human. Thus, the decoration of jewellery and how to collect with clothes are interesting subjects that I look forward to research. And I also want to realize the differences between jewellery design style in every art period in this book.

New vocabulary
pictorial adjactive
synonyms: graphic

iconography none

sufficient adjactive
synonyms: enough, ample, plenty, adequate, satisfactory

elaborate adjactive
antonym: simple, plain, rude

minerals noun
synonyms: ore, metal

fibulae noun

brooches noun

Introduction

To what extent do you agree with we live in a world in which we are dangerously influenced by media images.

Introduction

A common viewpoint that media is main medium for getting information in our life. Millions of people have access to TV, newspaper, magazine, and radio…etc. to carry a great deal of information anytime and anywhere. The information which is repeated and repeated affects people’s thinking and behaviours invisibly. Therefore, we could say that the media has been endowed with a responsibility for societal education. According to Akoijam Sunita (2008), media should take more responsibility when reporting news, to ensure that they do not repote underreported information to trick the consumer.They also need to ensure the public have been given enough space to think and make their intelligent choices. However, some people believe that media take a negative influence of society disorders. A mass of reports on celebrities and famous brands could affect consumer’s values. Moreover, sex and violence images which are repeated and repeated might act on teenager’s spirits. As the results, people must to weigh the pros and cons of information that they receive. In this essay, I would like to look at previous research connected to this topic specifically and mention the influence of society behaviours due to media images, and then look at solutions, which could help people take the dangerous influence away from the media.

4 sentanses for introduction

To what extent do you agree with we live in a world in which we are dangerously influenced by media images.

A common viewpoint that media is main medium for getting information such as TV, newspaper, and magazine. We could say that the media has endowed with a responsibility for societal education. However, some people believe that media take a negative influence of society disorders. In this essay, I would like to look at previous research connected to this topic specifically and mention the influence of society behaviours due to media images, and then look at solutions, which could help people take the dangerous influence away from the media.

Make a sense of introduction

-Looking at the information on both the websites – what should a good introduction contain?

A good introduction should include a few general statements about the subject (background)define the topic or key term. Then try to explain the purpose of the essay. It should also include a statement of the specific subdivisions of the topic. to your essay and to attract the reader's attention. In addition, it should

-On the University of Manchester page, look at the suggested language for different sections of the introduction. Which verb tenses are most commonly used in each section? (write down a verb tense and an example for each…)

Establishing the importance of the topic: Present Simple Tense
X is a common disorder characterised by ......

Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given): Present Perfect Tense
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in ......

Highlighting a problem or controversy in the field of study: Present Perfect Tense
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about .....

Highlighting a knowledge gap in the field of study: Present Perfect Tense
Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.

Focus and aim: Present Simple Tense
The aim of this paper is to determine......

Outline of structure: Present Perfect Tense
The essay has been organised in the following way.

-What is the introduction a chance for you to do?
Make a first impression

-Why do you think planning is important when you are writing an introduction?
Make a plan before writing can help you arrange your idea and make sure your introduction include all sections.

-Look at the example essay question: "Is the present level of immigration in the United Kingdom beneficial to the country?" Read the introduction (below the plan). You should be able to see that the introduction contains all the elements from your answer to question 1 in the Section A. Also, notice the use of verb tenses.

• Immigration is an emotive subject…Present Simple Tense
• has refocused...Present Perfect Tense
• has largely consisted...Present Perfect Tense

Diagnostic grammar test

After the grammar test, I discovered the three main weakness that I have.

• Meaning of phrasal verb
• Tense, especially past perfect
  
• preposition

-Which of the grammar points you have problems with are more important for a) writing b) speaking c) both?
I think my grammar problem in writing is more important than speaking. People usually understand what I spoke, but not the same in writing.

-Do you think that doing lots and lots of grammar exercises is the best way to improve your grammar?
Yes, I think is the best way to improve my grammar, because I can find out what are the problems that I need to challenge.

-Can you think of any other activities that you could do without having to pick up a grammar book?

• Do grammar exercises online.
• Practice grammar skills in writing and speaking.
• Reading articles is also a good way to be familiar with grammar.

-How do you think you've learnt the grammar you already know well?
I had done grammar exercise when I learnt it before. I considered the roles of grammar before speaking.

-Can you find some online exercises to help you with your grammar weaknesses. Please put a link to anything you find, then do the exercise, and paste into your blog any sentences/phases you got wrong or would like to remember.
Meaning of phrasal verb

• I cannot make out his writing.
• She broken down and cried.
• I can hardly concentrate. I could really do with a holiday.
• Why don't you carry on singing? You have such a beautiful voice.

Preposition

• "Late for work again ?"
• I have been suffering from dizziness lately.
• His wife is so jealous of him she follows him everywhere he goes !

Tense,Past Perfect

• Helen has worked so hard today that she has had no time to play her weekly game of tennis.
• My uncle George has never seen the sea. I heard him make plans last week though.
• Have you seen Annemie today ? I have seen her this morning but I didn't see her since.

My feedback of seminar

Strong and weak points

Media is a big category of knowledge, I researched the questions on page 15 and also included some hidden questions.Due to I have gotten a lot of information, I think that the preparation of this seminar is not difficult.

In the aspect of speaking, I used the phrase to begin my sentences, but there were still some problems with grammar. I can not use correct grammar very well without thinking when I speak. It is the most important part that I need to practice and practice. Also I need to increase the academic vocabulary in my seminar.

At the very start, I thought that 1 hour is too much to do the seminar and must be a ordeal to me. Surprisingly, every member in my group has a lot of opinions therefore we have not finished all topics on time. During the seminar, we were paying attention to listen other classmates' opinions, and gave feedback after they speak. Sometimes we agreed and gave addition opinions, and sometimes we argued the opposite viewpoints.

I think this seminar is very useful because I got some opinions that I never thought before, and also had a chance to practice speaking.

Seminar

Today, we have done a seminar about The media/television. The aim of this seminar is to discuss Television viewing habits compare different countries, Television images, and The future for television and television viewers.

With regard to the television viewing habits, most of counties we researched have a higher percentage of children they watch television more than 3 hours every day than the pass period. Almost 50% of adult in Taiwan also spend one-three hours in watch TV every day. Unfortunately, the facts shows that most of people think television is very necessary in their life, and parents in Taiwan as television as babysitter. According to the reports of medical science, babies watch TV could result the injure of their brains, and also decrease their attention on studying. It is not only have bad influence of children’ health but also the ability of learning.

In Taiwan, the type of popular TV programs are changed from news, dramas to political-chat shows and shopping channels in the last two decades. It may possibly mean that people have more freedom of speech with polity and comment their government.

In term to the television images，we thought that most of the images on TV did not show reality. They showed audience a kind of ideal life that people are seeking. This kind of stereotypes are often showed on TV，such as beautiful typically white women, desperately thin girls. And also with male, they may be set with a joker, a super action hero, or a rich business man.

Speaking about the media literacy, the definition is help people to develop the skills that are necessary in media culture to think about what media is and how medias are worked; and also take greater responsibility for viewing choices and the use of electronic media, for the television viewers. The future for television, the high digital TV will be developed for people to watch TV more conveniently and efficiently. It is a trend that TV can connect with internet and watch TV any specific TV program anytime and anywhere.

A note of media stereotypes

What is media stereotyping?

• media stereotypes is inevitable, especially in the advertising,entertainment,and news industries
• quickly, understand information for a wide audience
• stereotypes codes give audiences a quick, common understanding
• relating to audiences' class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation

problem of stereotypes

• reduce a wide range of differences/to simplistic categorizations in people
• transform assumptions into realities
• be used to justify the position of those in power
• perpetuate social prejudice and inequality

common stereotypes on TV
women/girls

• typically white
• desperately thin
• made up to the hilt

men/masculinity

• the joker
  
• the jock
• the strong silent
• the big shot
• the action hero
• the buffoon
  

Exercise for Passives

1)Someone had reported the theft to the police.
The theft was reported to the police.

2)Someone has given £1,000 to the charity.
£1,000 is given to the charity.

3)Someone will demonstrate the program to the students.
The program will be demonstrated to the students.

4)Someone explained the procedure to me.
The procedure was explained to me.

5)People are destroying large areas of forest every day.
The large areas of forest are being destroyed every day.

6)Somebody has bought the land next to the university.
The land next to the university has been bought.

7)I hope that they will have completed all the marking by tomorrow.
All the marking will have been completed tomorrow that I hope.

8)They should have finished the library by the time you arrive.
By the time you arrive the library should have been finished.

9)People expect better results soon.
The better result is to be expected soon.

10)Students should send their complaints to the head of department.
The complaints should be sent to the head of department.

11)They had to postpone the lecture because of illness.
The lecture had to be postponed due to the illness.

12)An electrical fault could have caused the fire.
The fire could have caused by the electrical fault.

13)They are going to hold the next year’s conference in Birmingham.
The next year’s conference is being held in Birmingham.

14)Everyone knows this fact very well.
This fact is very well known.

15)They opened the new lecture theatre only last month.
The new lecture theatre was opened only last month.

16)You must write the answers on the examination paper in black ink.
The answers must be written in black ink on the examination paper.

17)They are now manufacturing this type of computer in Korea.
This type of computer is now being manufactured in Korea.

18)Someone should investigate the problem.
The problem should be investigated.

Review the phrases or useful language of research report

Background
A.the current situation
1)Recently,there has been growing interesting in...
2)The study of ... has become an important aspect of...

B.the space in the current research
1)The... has been extensively studied in recent years.
2)The previous research ... has concentrated on...

C.the aims based on the research space
1)A central issue in... is...
2)The purpose/The aim of this paper...

Findings
A.Start new subject.
1)Regarding...
2)In terms of the...
3)Contrary to expectation,
4)When it comes to...
5)As for...
6)With regard to...

B.Comment the findings
1)surprisingly/unsurprisingly
2)disappointingly
3)interestingly
4)encouragingly

Contrast
1)The use of IPods has increased considerably. However, the number of CDs purchased either online or on the high street has decreased.

2)A considerable amount of towns in Europe have been pedestrianised in contrast to very few towns in North America have been.

3)There are number of arguments for abolishing the death penalty conversely to the few supporters.

4)A few companies attempt to achieve a balance between the environment and business, whilst most of the companies aim for pure profit.

Research Report

International student problems compare with female and male

Name: Chan, Yi-Ling (Elaine)
Student ID No. 08011471
Tutor: Steve Wasserman

(From www.educationuk.org)

Introduction

Recently, more and more international students study in United Kingdom. Especially, the University of London Metropolitan has a large international student population, with 7,000 students from over 155 countries (London Metropolitan, Fact and figures, July 2008). During the last decade, the number of the foreign students study in London Metropolitan University has increased from about 4,000 to 7,000 students, and it is also one of the top five London institutions for international students (Cheveving , British Council, June 2006).

International students live and study oversea for first time often faces a lot of problems. As the result of the research of the international student problems compare to female and male, international students could predict the problems they would suffer and prepare deliberately before coming to UK. It is useful for foreign students to help them adjust their life and focus on studying quickly.

Aim

The primary aim of our research is to look into the problems international female students have compared to international male students who attend the English classes in summer 2008. The secondary purpose is to discover the results of how the respondents are satisfied with their life in UK, and the quality of study and staffs.

Method

The Sample

27 respondents were sampled in the research, included 16 females and 11 males of London Metropolitan University international student with different courses, age, and nationalities.

Data Collection

The data were collected by questionnaires that were contained with various student problem questions which we researched online and have experienced by us. Also there were some questions about if the respondents were satisfied with living in UK, and the quality of study and staffs.

Findings

Findings regarding problems compare with the male and female students have

The Table1 provides information about the problems of London Metropolitan University international students have suffered in UK. Generally, female have more problems than male and are less satisfied with their life and study than male.

Unsurprisingly, male have less than 20% of all categorization of most and quite problem while almost one in three (31%) female students have the biggest problem with finance (funding) and 44% have problem with accommodation. In terms to the aspect of medium problem, 45% of male students indicate that they have problem with open a bank account, compare to female students have similar percentage (44%), just a little less than male in language problem. All of the male students have no problem with child care, whereas over one in ten female students have child care problem.

Findings regarding the satisfaction of respondents with living in UK, and the quality of studying and staffs

With regard to their level of satisfaction with living and studying, over half (55%) of the male students feel quite satisfied with living in London, and half of the female students have the same evaluation. Encouragingly, 64% and 55%of male respondents are quite satisfied about the quality of study and staffs in London Metropolitan University. However, less 20% than male of female students (44%) claim that they are quite satisfied with the quality of study and also satisfied in the quality of staffs.

Overall, the percentage of problems with the male students is less than the female students, and male' satisfied extends of living and their school life are higher than female.

Discussion

The purpose of the research was to investigate the different of the problems international students have surfed between male and female students then they study in London Metropolitan University, also the level of satisfaction with their life and studying. The finding clearly suggests that over half (31%of most problem, 25% of quite problem) of the female respondents have the biggest problem of finance (funding), and half (6% of most problem, 44% of quite problem) of them have accommodation problem. This may possibly mean the women students spend more money on shopping, such as clothes, accessories, and shoes, than the male students, and also could indicate that the female students attach importance to the security and privacy of their accommodation.

Contrary to expectations, the research does not suggest a significant important problem in the male respondents. However, almost one in three of the male respondents feel very dissatisfied by living in UK. Perhaps the reason of it is male students does not feel comfortable to express their emotion, like homesick, or seems to be the problems that they have are not mentioned on questionnaire and need further study to find out.

As for the satisfied of the quality of studying in female group, 31% of female students mentioned that they are not very satisfied with the quality of study. It may be the case that female students from other countries and not yet adjusted the education style in UK.

Conclusion

About the research of the problems of international student have are looked out before. However, there has been very little research reported on the comparability between male and female student and also the satisfaction with studying in London Metropolitan University. For this reason, the results of this research that were carried out are not only expected to help the students they study oversea, but also provide for school to improve their facilities and education system.

References

• London Metropolitan, Fact and figures, viewed July 2008

From: www.londonmet.ac.uk/about/facts.cfm

• Cheveving , British Council, June 2006

From:www.chevening.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=1289&d=124&h=24&f=46&dateformat=

%25o%20%25B%20%25Y

Useful Englishlearning Websites

http://www.englishpage.com/
The resources of learning English are abundant in this website. We can use dictionaries to translate to foreign language, and check irregular and phrasal verbs. There are also have many different kinds of exercises to improve our English skills.

http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/salzmann_index.html
This website has general ideas about grammar points, such as verb tenses, adjectives, conditions, etc. Also includes exercises with these grammar points. It is quite useful for students to practice how to use them.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/index.shtml
It is my favorite. I recommend this website due to the design of it. It is very easy to find the information that you look for. It also can be linked to the news, TV, radio, etc. We can study English in a vivid studying environment.

Reporting Verbs

1. Most iPod owners stated that on average, only 20 of the tracks on their iPods would have been bought from the iTunes shop.

2. Far more important, they claimed that, was free music ripped from CDs someone already owned or acquired from file-sharing sites.

3. 83% of iPod owners reported that they do not buy digital music regularly. The minority, 17%, buy and download music, usually single tracks, at least once per month.

4. On average, the study explains that only 5% of the music on an iPod will be bought from online music stores. The rest will be from CDs the owner of an MP3 player already has or tracks they have downloaded from file-sharing sites.

5. "It is not instructive to think of portable media player owners, nor iPod owners specifically, as homogenous groups," discussed the report.

6. It asserted that: "Digital music buyers do not necessarily stop file-sharing upon buying legally."

7. The importance of "free" to digital music fans should not be underestimated, recommended the report, and should be a factor for newer digital music firms, such as Spiral Frog, which use an ad-supported model.

8. "Digital music purchasing has not yet fundamentally changed the way in which digital music customers buy music," noted the report.

My new word---how to use?
hypothesize---think about and need evidence
imply---describe indirectly
allege---strong statement to support someone or something
contend---opposite opinion
affirm---comfirm

Reading exercise~Paper, scissors.... jewellery!

From bbconline http://www.bbc.co.uk/lancashire/lifestyle/2005/06/01/diana_morrison_jewellery.shtml

My reflection after reading

Diana Morrison a textile designer also design jewellery.She not only use precious stones and metals on her creations, but also stitch silk fibres with other material. This kind of diverse material design is popular with contemporary jewellery design, and are used a very wide range.

After practice and practice , she cover a coat of quality acrylic on the papers,and helps to strengthen them.She also use a textile adhesive to bind the fibres together into thin sheets, and the colour of the fabric can not be repeat.They are truly "one-offs." Therefore, her jewellery is very practical and unique.Insprited by natural-thing, her products are appareled with natural textures,such as wood, rock, and wall.

New vocabulary

• diverse means something is made up of a wide material.adjective
• iridescent means something has many bright colours ang seem to keep changing. adjective
• varnish is an oily liquid which is painted on wood or other material.none
• subtle means something is not obvious or noticeable. adjective
• stimulus is something that encourages activity in people or things.none

Draft of Research

TOPIC: International Student Problems Compare with female and male
Name: Chan,Yi-Ling (Elaine)
Student ID No. 08011471
Tutor: Steve Wasserman

Introduction

Recently, more and more international students study in United Kingdom. Especially, the number of foreign students study in University of London Metropolitan has increased dramatically. International students live and study oversea for first time would face a lot of problems.

Aim
The primary aim of our research is to carry out of the problems international female students have compared to international male students who attend the English classes in summer 2008. The secondary purpose is to discover the results of how the respondents are satisfied with their life in UK, and the quality of study and staffs.

Method

The Sample

27 respondents were sampled in the research, included 16 females and 11 males of London Metropolitan University international student with different courses, age, and nationalities.

Data Collection

The data were collected by questionnaires that were contained with various student problem questions which we researched online and have experienced by us. Also the questions about how the respondents were satisfied with living in UK, and the quality of study and staffs.

Findings
Findings regarding problems compare with the male and female students have

This research provides information about the problems of London Metropolitan University international students have suffered in UK.Generally, female have more problems than male and the satisfied extents are lower than male.surprisingly, male have less than 20% of all categorization of most and quite problem while almost one in three(31%) female have most problem with finance(funding) and 44% are quite problem in accommodation. In the aspect of medium problem, male have 45% with open a bank account, and female have similar percentage (44%), just a little less than male in language problem. All of the male students are on problem with child care compare to over one in ten female students have child care problem.

In the satisfied extends research, over half (55%) male feel quite satisfied with living in UK, and half female have the same commendation.64% and 55%of male are quite satisfied in the quality of study and staffs. However, less 20%than male of female (44%) claim quite satisfied with the quality of study and just satisfied in the quality of staff.

Overall, the percentage of problems with male are less than female, and male's satisfied extends of living and their school life are quite satisfied.